食道外科 / 救急 / 集中治療
特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パス
嘔吐後の胸痛+皮下気腫。CT第一選択。不安定・穿孔持続は緊急手術。
根拠:StatPearls / Medscape。各ノードはガイドラインの判断ロジックを要約したものであり、原文の転載ではありません。 医療従事者向けの参考情報であり、臨床判断の代替ではありません。日本の関連学会指針および施設プロトコルを優先してください。
ステップごとに回答すると、結論と対応の目安が表示されます。前の質問に戻ることもできます。
ステップ 1 · Hemodynamically stable?
Chest pain after forceful vomiting — is the patient 血行動態安定?
💡 Transmural esophageal perforation after forceful vomiting (usually distal left posterolateral); delay causes mediastinitis/sepsis (24–48 h, high mortality). The Mackler triad (vomiting + chest pain + subcutaneous emphysema) is complete in only a minority, ~1/3 atypical → often misdiagnosed as MI/PE/aortic dissection/pneumothorax/perforated ulcer; severe lower chest/upper abdominal pain after vomiting radiating to the back/left shoulder, worse on swallowing, usually no hematemesis, often a left pleural effusion. Diagnosis: CXR (pneumomediastinum/left effusion/subcutaneous air), CT (first-line, extraluminal air/contrast leak), water-soluble contrast esophagram to localize in stable patients.
パス全体像
- 【判断】Hemodynamically stable?Chest pain after forceful vomiting — is the patient 血行動態安定?(Transmural esophageal perforation after forceful vomiting (usually distal left posterolateral); delay causes mediastinitis/sepsis (24–48 h, high mortality). The Mackler triad (vomiting + chest pain + subcutaneous emphysema) is complete in only a minority, ~1/3 atypical → often misdiagnosed as MI/PE/aortic dissection/pneumothorax/perforated ulcer; severe lower chest/upper abdominal pain after vomiting radiating to the back/left shoulder, worse on swallowing, usually no hematemesis, often a left pleural effusion. Diagnosis: CXR (pneumomediastinum/left effusion/subcutaneous air), CT (first-line, extraluminal air/contrast leak), water-soluble contrast esophagram to localize in stable patients.)
- Unstable / large leak / septic → Unstable/large leak → emergency surgery
- Stable / contained localized leak → Stable/contained leak · conservative + drainage
- 【終点】Stable/contained leak · conservative + drainageStable, contained localized leak: nilによりmouth, IV 輸液, broad-spectrum 抗菌薬 (± antifungals) + PPI, drain collections (chest tube); endoscopic options (stent/clip) may be 検討ed; 密に監視, convertへ手術の場合worsening. 緊急 thoracic 手術 co-management.
- 【終点】Unstable/large leak → emergency surgeryHemodynamically unstable / large leak / early (<24 h) / septic: 緊急手術 (primary 修復 + ドレナージ, diversionの場合needed); concurrently nilによりmouth, aggressive fluid 蘇生, broad-spectrum 抗菌薬 + PPI, drain the pleura/mediastinum; ICU. Delay causes mediastinitis → septic ショック 〜あり poor prognosis — act fast.
よくある質問
- 特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パスはどの臨床課題を扱う診療パスですか?
- 嘔吐後の胸痛+皮下気腫。CT第一選択。不安定・穿孔持続は緊急手術。
- 特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パスの主要な意思決定ステップは何ですか?
- Hemodynamically stable?
- 特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パスはどのような対応方針を示しますか?
- Stable/contained leak · conservative + drainage:Stable, contained localized leak: nilによりmouth, IV 輸液, broad-spectrum 抗菌薬 (± antifungals) + PPI, drain collections (chest tube); endoscopic options (stent/clip) may be 検討ed; 密に監視, convertへ手術の場合worsening. 緊急 thoracic 手術 co-management.;Unstable/large leak → emergency surgery:Hemodynamically unstable / large leak / early (<24 h) / septic: 緊急手術 (primary 修復 + ドレナージ, diversionの場合needed); concurrently nilによりmouth, aggressive fluid 蘇生, broad-spectrum 抗菌薬 + PPI, drain the pleura/mediastinum; ICU. Delay causes mediastinitis → septic ショック 〜あり poor prognosis — act fast.
- 特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パスのうち直ちに対応が必要な状況はどれですか?
- Unstable/large leak → emergency surgery:Hemodynamically unstable / large leak / early (<24 h) / septic: 緊急手術 (primary 修復 + ドレナージ, diversionの場合needed); concurrently nilによりmouth, aggressive fluid 蘇生, broad-spectrum 抗菌薬 + PPI, drain the pleura/mediastinum; ICU. Delay causes mediastinitis → septic ショック 〜あり poor prognosis — act fast.
- 特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パスはどのガイドラインに基づいていますか?
- Spontaneous esophageal rupture, Boerhaave (StatPearls; Medscape) · 準拠:StatPearls / Medscape
出典
- Spontaneous esophageal rupture, Boerhaave (StatPearls; Medscape)