食道外科 / 救急 / 集中治療

特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パス

嘔吐後の胸痛+皮下気腫。CT第一選択。不安定・穿孔持続は緊急手術。

根拠:StatPearls / Medscape。各ノードはガイドラインの判断ロジックを要約したものであり、原文の転載ではありません。 医療従事者向けの参考情報であり、臨床判断の代替ではありません。日本の関連学会指針および施設プロトコルを優先してください。

ステップごとに回答すると、結論と対応の目安が表示されます。前の質問に戻ることもできます。

ステップ 1 · Hemodynamically stable?
Chest pain after forceful vomiting — is the patient 血行動態安定?
💡 Transmural esophageal perforation after forceful vomiting (usually distal left posterolateral); delay causes mediastinitis/sepsis (24–48 h, high mortality). The Mackler triad (vomiting + chest pain + subcutaneous emphysema) is complete in only a minority, ~1/3 atypical → often misdiagnosed as MI/PE/aortic dissection/pneumothorax/perforated ulcer; severe lower chest/upper abdominal pain after vomiting radiating to the back/left shoulder, worse on swallowing, usually no hematemesis, often a left pleural effusion. Diagnosis: CXR (pneumomediastinum/left effusion/subcutaneous air), CT (first-line, extraluminal air/contrast leak), water-soluble contrast esophagram to localize in stable patients.

パス全体像

  1. 【判断】Hemodynamically stable?
    Chest pain after forceful vomiting — is the patient 血行動態安定?Transmural esophageal perforation after forceful vomiting (usually distal left posterolateral); delay causes mediastinitis/sepsis (24–48 h, high mortality). The Mackler triad (vomiting + chest pain + subcutaneous emphysema) is complete in only a minority, ~1/3 atypical → often misdiagnosed as MI/PE/aortic dissection/pneumothorax/perforated ulcer; severe lower chest/upper abdominal pain after vomiting radiating to the back/left shoulder, worse on swallowing, usually no hematemesis, often a left pleural effusion. Diagnosis: CXR (pneumomediastinum/left effusion/subcutaneous air), CT (first-line, extraluminal air/contrast leak), water-soluble contrast esophagram to localize in stable patients.
    • Unstable / large leak / septicUnstable/large leak → emergency surgery
    • Stable / contained localized leakStable/contained leak · conservative + drainage
  2. 【終点】Stable/contained leak · conservative + drainage
    Stable, contained localized leak: nilによりmouth, IV 輸液, broad-spectrum 抗菌薬 (± antifungals) + PPI, drain collections (chest tube); endoscopic options (stent/clip) may be 検討ed; 密に監視, convertへ手術の場合worsening. 緊急 thoracic 手術 co-management.
  3. 【終点】Unstable/large leak → emergency surgery
    Hemodynamically unstable / large leak / early (<24 h) / septic: 緊急手術 (primary 修復 + ドレナージ, diversionの場合needed); concurrently nilによりmouth, aggressive fluid 蘇生, broad-spectrum 抗菌薬 + PPI, drain the pleura/mediastinum; ICU. Delay causes mediastinitis → septic ショック 〜あり poor prognosis — act fast.

よくある質問

特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パスはどの臨床課題を扱う診療パスですか?
嘔吐後の胸痛+皮下気腫。CT第一選択。不安定・穿孔持続は緊急手術。
特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パスの主要な意思決定ステップは何ですか?
Hemodynamically stable?
特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パスはどのような対応方針を示しますか?
Stable/contained leak · conservative + drainage:Stable, contained localized leak: nilによりmouth, IV 輸液, broad-spectrum 抗菌薬 (± antifungals) + PPI, drain collections (chest tube); endoscopic options (stent/clip) may be 検討ed; 密に監視, convertへ手術の場合worsening. 緊急 thoracic 手術 co-management.;Unstable/large leak → emergency surgery:Hemodynamically unstable / large leak / early (<24 h) / septic: 緊急手術 (primary 修復 + ドレナージ, diversionの場合needed); concurrently nilによりmouth, aggressive fluid 蘇生, broad-spectrum 抗菌薬 + PPI, drain the pleura/mediastinum; ICU. Delay causes mediastinitis → septic ショック 〜あり poor prognosis — act fast.
特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パスのうち直ちに対応が必要な状況はどれですか?
Unstable/large leak → emergency surgery:Hemodynamically unstable / large leak / early (<24 h) / septic: 緊急手術 (primary 修復 + ドレナージ, diversionの場合needed); concurrently nilによりmouth, aggressive fluid 蘇生, broad-spectrum 抗菌薬 + PPI, drain the pleura/mediastinum; ICU. Delay causes mediastinitis → septic ショック 〜あり poor prognosis — act fast.
特発性食道破裂(Boerhaave) — パスはどのガイドラインに基づいていますか?
Spontaneous esophageal rupture, Boerhaave (StatPearls; Medscape) · 準拠:StatPearls / Medscape

出典

  • Spontaneous esophageal rupture, Boerhaave (StatPearls; Medscape)

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