🫁 HACOR Score (NIV Failure Prediction)
Predict non-invasive ventilation failure with the HACOR score.
Clinical takeaway
Assessed about one hour after starting NIV.
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When to use
Identify patients who may benefit from early intubation.
How it works
Heart rate, Acidosis (pH), Consciousness (GCS), Oxygenation (PaO₂/FiO₂) and Respiratory rate. Measured ~1 h into NIV; > 5 = high risk.
Key points
- Assessed about one hour after starting NIV.
- > 5 indicates high probability of failure.
- Delayed intubation after NIV failure increases mortality.
References
Decision support for licensed clinicians only; not a substitute for clinical judgement, diagnosis or local protocols.
Worked calculation
The values below come from this tool's own example placeholders and are computed server-side with the formula shown on this page, so the arithmetic can be checked quickly. It demonstrates how to substitute values only — it is not clinical advice and not a real case.
| Heart rate | ≤ 120 (0) |
|---|---|
| Arterial pH | ≥ 7.35 (0) |
| GCS | 15 (0) |
| PaO₂/FiO₂ | ≥ 201 (0) |
| Respiratory rate | ≤ 30 (0) |
→HACOR0
- Interpretation：≤ 5 — lower risk of failure
- Action：NIV likely to succeed; reassess frequently.
| Heart rate | ≥ 121 (1) |
|---|---|
| Arterial pH | < 7.25 (4) |
| GCS | ≤ 10 (10) |
| PaO₂/FiO₂ | ≤ 100 (6) |
| Respiratory rate | ≥ 46 (4) |
→HACOR25
- Interpretation：> 5 at 1 h — high risk of NIV failure
- Action：Consider early intubation; delayed intubation after NIV failure increases mortality.
Frequently asked questions
- What is HACOR Score (NIV Failure Prediction)?
- Predict non-invasive ventilation failure with the HACOR score.
- How is HACOR Score (NIV Failure Prediction) calculated? What is the core formula?
- Heart rate, Acidosis (pH), Consciousness (GCS), Oxygenation (PaO₂/FiO₂) and Respiratory rate. Measured ~1 h into NIV; > 5 = high risk.
- When is HACOR Score (NIV Failure Prediction) used?
- Identify patients who may benefit from early intubation.
- What are the key clinical points for HACOR Score (NIV Failure Prediction)?
- Assessed about one hour after starting NIV. > 5 indicates high probability of failure. Delayed intubation after NIV failure increases mortality.
- What are the limits and cautions when using HACOR Score (NIV Failure Prediction)?
- For licensed clinicians and clinical researchers. Interpret results with history, investigations and local protocols; not a diagnosis or prescription, and not a substitute for multidisciplinary decision-making or local guidelines.
- How is HACOR Score (NIV Failure Prediction) calculated in practice? Can you show a worked example?
- Inputs: Heart rate ≤ 120 (0), Arterial pH ≥ 7.35 (0), GCS 15 (0), PaO₂/FiO₂ ≥ 201 (0), Respiratory rate ≤ 30 (0) → Result: HACOR 0（Interpretation: ≤ 5 — lower risk of failure, Action: NIV likely to succeed; reassess frequently.） Inputs: Heart rate ≥ 121 (1), Arterial pH < 7.25 (4), GCS ≤ 10 (10), PaO₂/FiO₂ ≤ 100 (6), Respiratory rate ≥ 46 (4) → Result: HACOR 25（Interpretation: > 5 at 1 h — high risk of NIV failure, Action: Consider early intubation; delayed intubation after NIV failure increases mortality.）