🫀 Teichholz EF / Fractional Shortening
Estimates left-ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) from M-mode end-diastolic and end-systolic linear dimensions (the Teichholz method).
Teichholz EF / Fractional Shortening
LV end-diastolic dimension LVEDD (cm)
LV end-systolic dimension LVESD (cm)
When to use
Enter LVEDD and LVESD from M-mode echocardiography; the tool computes estimated EDV/ESV, EF, and FS. Reserve for ventricles of normal geometry without regional wall-motion abnormality.
How it works
Volume = 7 × D³ / (2.4 + D). EF = (EDV − ESV)/EDV × 100%. FS = (LVEDD − LVESD)/LVEDD × 100%. EF ≥ 50% normal · 40–49% mild-moderate reduction · < 40% marked reduction; FS normal ≈ 25–45%.
Key points
- Teichholz assumes a symmetric prolate-ellipsoid ventricle, so it is unreliable with regional wall-motion abnormality or distorted shape — biplane Simpson or 3D echo is then preferred. (original synthesis · not guideline verbatim)
- The method extrapolates whole-ventricle volume from a single short-axis dimension, magnifying error in remodeled or aneurysmal ventricles.
- FS is a single-plane shortening index and shares the same geometric limitations; use it as a quick adjunct, not a definitive EF.
References
- Teichholz LE, et al. Problems in echocardiographic volume determinations. Am J Cardiol. 1976;37(1):7-11.
- Lang RM, et al. Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography (ASE/EACVI). J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(1):1-39.
Decision support for licensed clinicians only; not a substitute for clinical judgement, diagnosis or local protocols.