💧 Fluids: Resuscitation & Rate Reference
Resuscitation fluid volumes, maintenance-fluid pointers, fluid choice and rate-safety points. Browser-side reference (4-2-1 maintenance is a dedicated tool).
Prefer balanced crystalloids for most resuscitation.
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When to use
Bedside reference for resuscitation volumes and fluid selection; titrate to volume responsiveness and avoid overload.
How it works
Adult bolus 250–500 mL (or 20–30 mL/kg); sepsis 30 mL/kg over 3 h; children 10–20 mL/kg. Maintenance by Holliday-Segar 4-2-1.
Key points
- Prefer balanced crystalloids for most resuscitation.
- Avoid hydroxyethyl starch in the critically ill/sepsis.
- Titrate by passive leg raise / stroke volume variation, watch for overload.
- Peripheral potassium ≤ 10 mmol/h; correct sodium ≤ 8–10 mmol/L/24 h.
References
Worked calculation
The values below come from this tool's own example placeholders and are computed server-side with the formula shown on this page, so the arithmetic can be checked quickly. It demonstrates how to substitute values only — it is not clinical advice and not a real case.
| View | Resuscitation fluids |
|---|
→Key pointResuscitation fluids
- Adult crystalloid bolus：250–500 mL rapid bolus then reassess (or 20–30 mL/kg)
- Sepsis (SSC)：30 mL/kg crystalloid within the first 3 h, continue by volume responsiveness
- Children：10–20 mL/kg bolus (sepsis); more cautious in DKA/cardiogenic
| View | Rate & monitoring |
|---|
→Key pointRate & monitoring
- Overload：Monitor intake/output, weight, oedema, oxygenation
- Potassium：Peripheral ≤ 10 mmol/h (see 'Electrolyte Replacement Reference')
- Sodium correction：≤ 8–10 mmol/L/24 h (see the 'Sodium Deficit' tool)
Frequently asked questions
- What is Fluids: Resuscitation & Rate Reference?
- Resuscitation fluid volumes, maintenance-fluid pointers, fluid choice and rate-safety points. Browser-side reference (4-2-1 maintenance is a dedicated tool).
- How is Fluids: Resuscitation & Rate Reference calculated? What is the core formula?
- Adult bolus 250–500 mL (or 20–30 mL/kg); sepsis 30 mL/kg over 3 h; children 10–20 mL/kg. Maintenance by Holliday-Segar 4-2-1.
- When is Fluids: Resuscitation & Rate Reference used?
- Bedside reference for resuscitation volumes and fluid selection; titrate to volume responsiveness and avoid overload.
- What are the key clinical points for Fluids: Resuscitation & Rate Reference?
- Prefer balanced crystalloids for most resuscitation. Avoid hydroxyethyl starch in the critically ill/sepsis. Titrate by passive leg raise / stroke volume variation, watch for overload. Peripheral potassium ≤ 10 mmol/h; correct sodium ≤ 8–10 mmol/L/24 h.
- What are the limits and cautions when using Fluids: Resuscitation & Rate Reference?
- For licensed clinicians and clinical researchers. Interpret results with history, investigations and local protocols; not a diagnosis or prescription, and not a substitute for multidisciplinary decision-making or local guidelines.
- How is Fluids: Resuscitation & Rate Reference calculated in practice? Can you show a worked example?
- Inputs: View Resuscitation fluids → Result: Key point Resuscitation fluids（Adult crystalloid bolus: 250–500 mL rapid bolus then reassess (or 20–30 mL/kg), Sepsis (SSC): 30 mL/kg crystalloid within the first 3 h, continue by volume responsiveness, Children: 10–20 mL/kg bolus (sepsis); more cautious in DKA/cardiogenic） Inputs: View Rate & monitoring → Result: Key point Rate & monitoring（Overload: Monitor intake/output, weight, oedema, oxygenation, Potassium: Peripheral ≤ 10 mmol/h (see 'Electrolyte Replacement Reference'), Sodium correction: ≤ 8–10 mmol/L/24 h (see the 'Sodium Deficit' tool)）