Acute MI Hemodynamic Subsets (Forrester) — free guideline decision tool
Forrester classification subsets acute MI/heart failure hemodynamics by cardiac index and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.
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Implements the decision logic from published clinical guidelines.
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Nothing is uploaded. Results are for licensed clinicians only.
Worked calculation
The values below come from this tool's own example placeholders and are computed server-side with the formula shown on this page, so the arithmetic can be checked quickly. It demonstrates how to substitute values only — it is not clinical advice and not a real case.
| Cardiac index CI | 2.0 L/min/m² |
|---|---|
| Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure PCWP | 22 mmHg |
→Forrester classClass IV
- Class：Class IV: Cold & wet (congestion + hypoperfusion, cardiogenic shock) (classic mortality ≈51%)
- Determination：CI 2 (cutoff 2.2) ↓ hypoperfusion; PCWP 22 (cutoff 18) ↑ congestion
- Management direction：Inotrope/pressor + diuresis/vasodilation (per BP) ± mechanical circulatory support; assess reperfusion
Common questions
What is Acute MI Hemodynamic Subsets (Forrester)?
Forrester classification subsets acute MI/heart failure hemodynamics by cardiac index and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.
How is Acute MI Hemodynamic Subsets (Forrester) calculated? What is the core formula?
CI cutoff 2.2 and PCWP cutoff 18 define: I warm & dry, II warm & wet (diurese/vasodilate), III cold & dry (cautious fluids/inotrope), IV cold & wet (inotrope/pressor ± MCS).
When is Acute MI Hemodynamic Subsets (Forrester) used?
Use with invasive (or bedside-approximated) hemodynamics to place a patient in one of four subsets and direct therapy.
What are the key clinical points for Acute MI Hemodynamic Subsets (Forrester)?
The bedside 'warm/cold · wet/dry' (Nohria-Stevenson) scheme approximates Forrester without a pulmonary artery catheter (original synthesis · not guideline verbatim). Original mortality figures predate modern reperfusion and overstate today's risk. Class III prompts a cautious fluid trial first, after excluding hypovolemia and RV infarction.
What are the limits and cautions when using Acute MI Hemodynamic Subsets (Forrester)?
For licensed clinicians and clinical researchers. Interpret results with history, investigations and local protocols; not a diagnosis or prescription, and not a substitute for multidisciplinary decision-making or local guidelines.
How is Acute MI Hemodynamic Subsets (Forrester) calculated in practice? Can you show a worked example?
Inputs: Cardiac index CI 2.0 L/min/m², Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure PCWP 22 mmHg → Result: Forrester class Class IV（Class: Class IV: Cold & wet (congestion + hypoperfusion, cardiogenic shock) (classic mortality ≈51%), Determination: CI 2 (cutoff 2.2) ↓ hypoperfusion; PCWP 22 (cutoff 18) ↑ congestion, Management direction: Inotrope/pressor + diuresis/vasodilation (per BP) ± mechanical circulatory support; assess reperfusion）
Run Acute MI Hemodynamic Subsets (Forrester) now
Forrester classification subsets acute MI/heart failure hemodynamics by cardiac index and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.
Open guideline tool →For licensed clinicians. Not a substitute for clinical judgement.
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